Schmalsteig, D., Hollerer, T.: Augmented Reality: Theory and Practice (Game Design/Usability), p. Linowes, J.: Unity Virtual Reality Projects, p. Jerald, J.: The VR Book: Human-Centered Design for Virtual Reality, p. Nite, S.: Virtual Reality Insider: Guidebook for the VR Industry, p. Parisi, A.: Learning Virtual Reality: Developing Immersive Experiences and Applications for Desktop, Web, and Mobile, p. Lukyanenko, S.: Labyrinth of Reflections. The future for shared VR and AR is summarized. All these new opportunities of “being concurrently here and elsewhere” with mobile phones, just a click away, are encapsulated in Pokémon Go. Tourists have become accustomed to utilizing AR and GPS navigation in the places they visit. Internet gaming using AR has become a “national sport” and the most popular leisure activity for young people in some countries. Virtual 3D cities were implemented in Google StreetView which brought together augmented reality (AR) and a global positioning system (GPS) in mobile devices. However only a small fraction of the billions of Internet browsing users were involved in virtual 3D living-and these were mostly content creators.
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was exploring how useful their very own networked virtual world “PlayStation Home” could be. For many years, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Second Life had a major impact on the field as the countries were opening their embassies there, and international corporations used to set up their offices for interviewing job applicants. New development tools, new businesses, and new psychological, ethical, and judicial problems had arrived. The beginning of the new Millennium saw a start to many new developments and paradigms ranging from massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) to serious networked gaming and simply living in virtual reality.
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Thousands of virtual citizens populated CyberTown-a 3D online community developed in VRML language and the Blaxxun collaborative platform. Academia has capitalized on these new horizons for education by setting up virtual campuses in Active Worlds-online shared virtual worlds based on the Renderware rendering engine. Extensions of the hypertext mark-up language (HTML) to immersive 3D graphics were proposed by several vendors and research groups that eventually materialized into what we know now as Extensible 3D (X3D) and its predecessor Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). Constructing the first shared virtual worlds began in the last decade of the twentieth century when the Internet became ubiquitous. They were predicted by many novelists as well as envisaged in blockbuster movies at the start of the computer era. The origin of shared virtual worlds is summarized.